辯神主論
Piān Sîn-chú Lūn
文獻資訊
| 項目 | 資料 |
|---|---|
| 作者 | Un Sam-goân Un Sam-goân |
| 卷期 | 臺灣府城教會報 |
| 卷期 | 第28卷 |
| 日期 | 1887/10 |
| 頁數 | 75 |
白話字（原文數位化）
Piān Sîn-chú Lūn
1887.10 TĒ JĪ-CHA̍P PEH TIUN p.75-78
(Un Sam-goân chò--ê.)
(Chaip chêng tiuⁿ tē 70 bīn.)
2 . Chiàu lé-hoat , Thian-chú chhit-keng biō , ho̍k-sāi chhit-tāi ; Chu-hô͘ gō͘-keng biō , ho̍k-sāi gō͘-tāi ; Tāi-hu saⁿ-keng biō , ho̍k-sāi saⁿ-tāi ; Tek-sū nn̄g-keng biō , ho̍k-sāi nn̄g-tāi ; Koan-su chi̍t-keng biō , ho̍k-sāi chi̍t-tāi, ia̍h soà-chún peh-sìⁿ lâng chè chi̍t-tāi, chóng-sī boē tit thang ū biō . Thian-chú , Chu-hô͘ , Tāi-hu , in ê chó͘-kong nā kè chhit-tāi , gō͘-tāi , saⁿ-tāi , chiū bô chhāi tī biō--ni̍h , put-kò sī chhāi ————————————
*Chit-chân ê lāi-bīn só͘ ín-khí chheh-- ni̍h kuí-nā kù-oē , kiaⁿ-liáu bô tha̍k- chheh ê hiaⁿ-tī khoàⁿ-liáu , bē bêng-pe̍k , taⁿ beh khui-thiah tāi-lio̍k hō͘ lín thiaⁿ . In-uī hit-tia̍p Lia̍t-kok ê sî-chūn , hià-ê kok lóng kui it-thóng : it-thóng ê kok- kun kiò-chò Thian-chú , kî-û hià-ê lâi kui ê kok , in-ê kok-kun hō-chò Chu-hô͘ . Kok-lāi ê koaⁿ-hú hō-chò Tāi-hu . Boē- soán-chhut--khì chò koaⁿ , siōng-téng ê Tha̍k-chheh-lâng hō-chò Tek-sū , tāi- khài chhin-chhiūⁿ hiān-kim ê Hān-lîm-īⁿ . Sù-bîn-ka khì pān gê-mn̂g sū hō- chò Koan-su , tāi-khài chhin-chhiūⁿ hiān- sî ê pâng-kho.
tī toâⁿ--ni̍h , siān--ni̍h ; ia̍h bô chhin- chhiūⁿ tī biō-lāi ê sî , ū sù-sî lóng chè ; kàu koh-khah kú chiū tâi , lóng bô koh- chài chè . Koh chi̍t-keng biō chí ū chi̍t sian sîn-chú ; chá Cheng-chú mn̄g Khóng-chú kóng , “ Biō--ni̍h ū nn̄g-sian bo̍k-chú , che sī tio̍h mah ? “ Khóng-chú kóng , “ Thiⁿ bô nn̄g ê ji̍t , kok bô nn̄g ê ông , biō ū nn̄g ê chú , cháiⁿ-iūⁿ sī lé goá to boē hiáu--tit . “ Taⁿ kin-á-ji̍t peh-sìⁿ lâng chhāi sîn-chú m̄-nā sī chè chi̍t-tāi , saⁿ-tāi , gō͘-tāi , chhit-tāi nā-tiāⁿ , sī ū-ê chhāi kàu gō͘-la̍k cha̍p tāi ê sîn-chú , ia̍h soà chè--i ; án-ni sī peh-sìⁿ chhiàm Thian- chú Chu-hô͘ ê lé , ia̍h sī beh pí i koh- khah toā ; m̄ nā án-ni , ia̍h sī chiong kuí-cha̍p sin ê sîn-chú chāi choè chi̍t-keng chi̍t-tè-toh , che kiám m̄-sī uî-ke̍h Khóng- chú ê oē , poē kó͘-chá ê lé-sò͘ mah ?
3 . Lūn chè ê só͘-chāi bô chiàu kó͘-chá ê hoat-tō͘. In-uī chá ê hoat-tō͘ , peh-sìⁿ lâng boē tit-thang ū chó͘-biō , put-kò sī chè tī chhím-sek; kin-á-ji̍t ê lâng lóng bô chiàu chit-ê hoat , só͘-ū ê sîn-chú- pang , lóng sī hē tī thiaⁿ toh téng liáu- liáu ; che kiám m̄-sī m̄-tio̍h ? Ū lâng koh-khah toā m̄-tio̍h, chiū-sī khí sû-tn̂g , mn̂g-bâi-téng siá “ Bó͘-sìⁿ ka-biāu “ . Taⁿ peh-sìⁿ-lâng to m̄-thang ū biō , cháiⁿ-iūⁿ siá biō ? Siat-sú siá sû-tn̂g ia̍h sī m̄-tio̍h , in-uī peh-sìⁿ lâng put-kò sī chè tī chhím- sek nā-tiāⁿ . Ū lâng koh-khah toā m̄- tio̍h , chiū-sī soà chè tī bōng--ni̍h ; kiám- chhái ū lâng pok-kóng , Chè-bōng sī tuì chá chiū ū, thái-thó m̄-tio̍h ? Cheng- chú kóng , “ Thâi gû lâi chè-bōng m̄-ta̍h- tio̍h thàn pē-bú tī--teh , ēng ti , koe , lâi ho̍k-sāi i . “ Bēng-chú kóng , “ Hit ê Chê- jîn khì tang-mn̂g goā chhē thióng-bōng-- ni̍h teh chè ê lâng. “ án-ni chè-bōng chū-chá chiū ū, thái-thó m̄-tio̍h ? Goá kóng , M̄-sī án-ni ; Cheng-chú só͘-kóng ê chè-bōng , sī tú-á khì tâi hit-sî lâi chè , m̄-sī tâi liáu-āu siông-siông khì chè ; koh Cheng-chú kóng chit-kù sī in-uī khoàⁿ lâng tuì-tiōng sí-āu ê chè , khah iàu-kín siⁿ-chêng ê ho̍k-sāi , só͘-í kóng chit-kù ; án-ni Cheng-chú sui-bóng bô kà-lâng m̄-sái chè-bōng , iáu-kú bêng- bêng sī kóng chè bōng sī bô lō͘-ēng . Lūn-kàu Bēng-chú só͘ kóng--ê , tio̍h chai he m̄-sī ké-siat ū hit-ê lâng hit-ê sū, put-kò sī si̍t-si̍t hit-ê tāi-chì lâi pí-pok kiû hù-kuì lī-ta̍t ê lâng nā-tiāⁿ; chhin-chhiūⁿ i bat chi̍t-pái ká-siat chi̍t-ê Sòng- kok ê lâng pui̍h tiū-á ê tāi-chì lâi gī-lūn khì ê tō-lí ; só͘-í m̄-thang phah-sǹg chá ê lâng si̍t-chāi ū chè-bōng . Hàn-tiâu Chhoà Iong ū kóng , “ Goá thiaⁿ-kìⁿ chá bô chè-bōng ê tāi-chì . “ Guī Bûn-tè kóng , “ Kut-thâu m̄-chai thiàⁿ , m̄-chai chiūⁿ , thióng-bōng m̄-sī sîn tiàm ê uī , chiàu-lé bô chè-bōng . “ Thiaⁿ-hu-chú kóng , “ Hó ê lé bô tiàm khòng-iá lâi kiâⁿ , só͘-í siⁿ bô tiàm khòng-iá ha̍p , sí bô tiàm khòng-iá chè . “ Hàn-tiâu Tīⁿ Hiân chù lé-kì ia̍h kóng , chá bô chè bōng ; siat-sú i kóng m̄-tio̍h , cháiⁿ-iūⁿ tng-sî lóng bô lâng pok i ah ? Chá bô chè- bōng tē it bêng ê pîn-kù chiū-sī khoàⁿ Khóng-chú, lé-kì tân-kiong hit-phiⁿ ū kóng , Khóng-chú soè-hàn pē sí , kàu āu- lâi in lāu-bú ia̍h sí , Khóng-chú ì-sù beh kā in ha̍p-chòng , m̄ chai in lāu-pē ê bōng tī tah-lo̍h , chiū mn̄g Liâu-bān-hú ê lāu-bú chiah chai-uī , jiân-āu ha̍p- chòng tī Hông. Siat-sú Khóng-chú ū chiūⁿ-soaⁿ chè-bōng , thái-thó oē m̄-chai- uī in lāu-pē ê bōng ?
4 .Goá tha̍k lé-kì chè-gī , chè-hoat , chè- thóng chiah ê phiⁿ , ū kóng kā ta-po͘- lâng li̍p sîn-chú lâi chè , bē-bat thiaⁿ-kìⁿ kóng ū kā hū-jîn-lâng li̍p sîn-chú lâi chè ; só͘-í Thian-chú , Chu-hô͘ , Tāi-hu téng , só͘ chè--ê lóng sī sian-kun , sian- ông , sian-kong , sian-chó͘ ; bē-bat thiaⁿ-kìⁿ ū sian thài-hō͘ , sian hu-jîn , sian chó͘- má , sian bú-chhin . āu-tāi ê lâng chū-chok chhong-bêng , phah-sǹg kóng chá sèng-ông sèng-jîn iáu bô chim-chiok , chè lâm bô chè lú , sim beh thái-thó oē pêng-an ? Tuì án-ni li̍p sian-kong ê bo̍k- chú , ia̍h li̍p sian-má ê bo̍k-chú , phah- sǹg tì-sek beh kè-thâu sèng-jîn , iú-hàu beh kè-thâu sèng-jîn , kong-lô beh kè- thâu sèng-jîn . Si̍t-chāi sī toā-toā put-kham ; siat-sú sī chū-chá só͘ siat ia̍h-sī ū chhò , lán Tiong-kok lâm-lú hun-pia̍t chin-giâm . Chiàu lé-kì kóng , Lâm-lú m̄- thang chham-chham teh-chē, m̄-thang tâng chi̍t-ê saⁿ-á-kè , m̄-thang tâng chi̍t tiâu soé sin-khu ê kun, m̄-thang saⁿ oá, m̄-thang saⁿ-chioh-mn̄g; ko͘ chí-bē ê cha-bó͘-kiáⁿ í-keng kè , tò-lâi choè-kheh, hiaⁿ- tī m̄-thang kap i tâng toh chia̍h . Só͘ kìm ū ê sui-bóng sī siuⁿ-giâm, chóng-sī ū-ê tek-khak sī tio̍h thàn, tâng-toh chia̍h nā thang , tâng-chhn̂g khùn tek-khak sī boē choè tit . Taⁿ ê lâng li̍p bo̍k-chú , ū-ê sī lâm-chú , ū ê sī lú-chú, chhāi-lāi choè chi̍t-tui ; phì-jū ta-koaⁿ sí , chiū chhāi chi̍t-sin ta-koaⁿ ê sîn-chú tī toh-téng ; āu- lâi sim-pū sí , ia̍h chhāi chi̍t-sin sim-pū ê bo̍k-chú tī toh-téng ; chhin-chhiūⁿ án-ni ha̍p-lé mah ? Nā kóng bo̍k-chú sī sí-sí ê mi̍h boē chai , chiū mih-sái chhāi , mih- sái chè ? Nā kóng sī ū chai, chiū lâm-lú hūn-chhn̂g, mê-ji̍t choè-tui, hit tè toh ná bîn-chhn̂g, chiū lâm-lú tâng-chhn̂g; chīn-chāi khó-o͘N3, chīn-chāi kiàn-siàu. Choè kiáⁿ-sun ê lâng khoán-thāi chó͘-kong án-ni, sī lêng-jio̍k chó͘-kong, soà lêng-jio̍k pún-sin, thái-thó sī iú-hàu ?
5 . Chiàu lé-kì chè-hoat hit phiⁿ ū kóng- khí sím-mi̍h hō lâng chiah ē kham-tit siū chè ; i kóng , “ Ū hó hoat-tō͘ si kàu peh-sìⁿ , chiah chè--i ; uī kok chhut-la̍t kàu sí chiah chè--i ; ēng tio̍h-boâ hō͘ kok an-tiāⁿ , chiah chè--i ; oē tû toā chai- ē , chiah chè--i ; oē tí-tng toā hoān-lān , chiah chè--i . “ Beh siū chè tek-khak tio̍h ū chí gō͘-hāng ê chi̍t-hāng , nā bô , chiū lóng boē-tit-thang siū chè , Só͘-í Sùn bô chó͘ Ko͘-bông , bô chong Kó͘-só͘, hoán-tńg chó͘ Chhoan-hiok lâi chong Giâu ; án-ni sī bô chong só͘ chhin , sī chong ū tek-hēng--ê ; keng-chheh lóng chiâu-pī , chhâ-khó oē chai . Taⁿ ê lâng m̄-bat hoat-tō͘ , put-lūn pē-bú sī hó-lâng á-sī pháiⁿ-lâng , sī kun-chú á-sī siáu-jîn , lóng bô iàu-kín ; put-kò pē-bú nā chi̍t- ē sí chiū li̍p sîn-chú lâi chè--i ; siat-sú pē-bú oē kham-tit siū , to bô kóng , siat- sú boē kham-tit siū , ia̍h li̍p sîn-chú lâi chè ; án-ni sī phiàn-lâng phiàn-thiⁿ , hāi pē-bú hoān-tio̍h chhiàm-koân put-gī ê choē, choè sian-ông ê choē-jîn , chhim- chhim thang thó͘-khuì .
6 . Chiàu chá ê hoat-tō͘ lâng teh-beh chè ê tāi-seng tio̍h chhit-ji̍t kài saⁿ-ji̍t chai ; bē chè ê sî-chūn , chiū í-keng ū chi̍t- tiám iu-būn , siàu-liām, it-tio̍h ê sim ; tì- kàu teh chè ê sî , giám-jiân ū khoàⁿ-kìⁿ pē-bú . Taⁿ ê lâng lóng bô án-ni ; beh- chè ê sî , ia̍h bô pī-pān , teh-chè ia̍h bô kèng-sim, chè-liáu chiū pun mi̍h tò--khì in-tau ; ū-sî khah ū mi̍h, chiū soà chhiáⁿ pêng-iú lâi chia̍h chiú, ū-sî soà hoah-kûn , kòng iâng-khîm, kiò gē-toàⁿ , chiong chó͘-kong ê chîⁿ ka-kī khai , khai hō͘ chó͘-kong pē-bú chē-siàu. Ū-sî pē-bú oa̍h-teh ê sî-chūn khûn-khó͘ lia̍p-chek, kàu sí-āu kiáⁿ-sun án-ni-siⁿ khai, miâ sī hàu chó͘-kong , si̍t sī hàu ka-kī ; chó͘-kong nā tī im-kan oē chai, tek-khak tǹg-kha tiô-toē , kā-gê chhiat-chhí , kóng , Goá hiah ê chîⁿ sī khûn-khiām lia̍p-chek kuí-cha̍p nî , lín bô pó-sioh hòng-sim khai , chin-sī put-hàu kiáⁿ . Ū-ê ka-kī bô chîⁿ chiū sì-koè oaiⁿ-chioh, kàu āu-lâi lâng beh thó , bô thang hêng--lâng, tuì án-ni hō͘ lâng chhoh-mē , lêng-jio̍k pē- bú ; án-ni in-uī ka-kī ê chia̍h hāi pē-bú kiàn-siàu , kiám sī iú-hàu mah?
(āu tiuⁿ beh koh ìn.)
漢羅（Ùi原文改寫）
辯神主論
1887.10 第二十八張 p.75-78
(Un Sam-goân做--ê.)
(接前張第70面。)
- 照禮法，天子7間廟，服事7代；諸侯5間廟，服事5代；大夫3間廟，服事3代；德士兩間廟，服事兩代；官師一間廟，服事一代，亦續准百姓人祭一代，總是boē得thang有廟。天子、諸侯、大夫，in ê祖公若過7代、5代、3代，就無chhāi tī廟--ni̍h，不過是chhāi
*這層ê內面所引起冊--ni̍h 幾若句話，驚了無讀冊ê兄弟看了，bē明白，今beh開拆大略hō͘ lín聽。因為hit-tia̍p列國ê時陣，hià-ê國攏歸一統：一統ê國君叫做天子，其餘hià-ê 來歸ê國，in-ê國君號做諸侯。國內ê官府號做大夫。Boē選出--去做官，上等ê讀冊人號做德士，大概親像現今ê翰林院。庶民家去辦衙門事號做官師，大概親像現時ê房科。
tī 壇--ni̍h、墠--ni̍h；亦無親像tī 廟內ê時，有四時攏祭；到koh較久就埋，攏無koh再祭。Koh一間廟只有一仙神主；早曾子問孔子講，「廟--ni̍h有兩仙木主，che是著mah？」孔子講，「天無兩個日，國無兩個王，廟有兩個主，怎樣是禮我都boē曉--得。」今今仔日百姓人chhāi神主m̄ 但是祭一代、3代、5代、7代nā-tiāⁿ，是有ê chhāi到五六十代ê神主，亦續祭--伊；án-ni是百姓僭天子諸侯ê禮，亦是beh比伊koh較大；m̄ 但án-ni，亦是將幾十身ê神主chāi做一間一塊桌，che 敢m̄ 是違ke̍h孔子ê話，背古早ê禮數mah？
3.論祭ê所在無照古早ê法度。因為早ê法度，百姓人boē得thang有祖廟，不過是祭tī 寢室；今仔日ê人攏無照這個法，所有ê神主枋，攏是hē tī 廳桌頂了了；che 敢m̄ 是 m̄ 著？有人koh較大 m̄ 著，就是起祠堂，門楣頂寫「某姓家廟」。今百姓人都 m̄-thang有廟，怎樣寫廟？設使寫祠堂亦是 m̄ 著，因為百姓人不過是祭 tī 寢室nā-tiāⁿ。有人koh較大 m̄著，就是續祭tī 墓--ni̍h；kiám-chhái有人駁講，祭墓是對早就有，thái-thó m̄ 著？曾子講，「Thâi牛來祭墓 m̄值著趁父母tī--teh，用豬、雞，來服事伊。」孟子講，「Hit 個齊人去東門外chhē塚墓--ni̍h teh祭ê人。」án-ni祭墓自早就有，thái-thó m̄ 著？我講，M̄是án-ni ； 曾子所講ê祭墓，是抵仔去埋hit時來祭，m̄ 是埋了後常常去祭；koh曾子講這句是因為看人tuì重死後ê祭，較要緊生前ê服事，所以講這句；án-ni曾子雖罔無教人 m̄ 使祭墓，iáu-kú明明是講祭墓是無路用。論到孟子所講--ê，著知he m̄ 是假設有hit個人hit個事，不過是實實hit個代誌來鄙駁求富貴利值ê人nā-tiāⁿ；親像伊bat一擺假設一個宋國ê人拔稻仔ê代誌來議論氣ê道理；所以m̄-thang扑算早ê人實在有祭墓。漢朝蔡邕有講，「我聽見早無祭墓ê代誌。」魏文帝講，「骨頭 m̄ 知疼，m̄ 知癢，塚墓 m̄ 是神tiàm ê位，照禮無祭墓。」程夫子講，「好ê禮無tiàm曠野來行，所以生無tiàm曠野合，死無tiàm曠野祭。」漢朝鄭玄注禮記亦講，早無祭墓；設使伊講 m̄ 著，怎樣當時攏無人駁伊ah？早無祭墓第一明ê憑據就是看孔子，禮記檀宮hit篇有講，孔子細漢父死，到後來in老母亦死，孔子意思beh kā in合葬，m̄ 知in老父ê墓tī 佗落，就問郰曼父ê老母才知位，然後合葬tī 防。設使孔子有上山祭墓，thái-thó會 m̄ 知位in老父ê墓？
4.我讀禮記祭義，祭法，祭統chiah ê篇，有講kā查甫人入神主來祭，bē-bat聽見講有kā婦人人立神主來祭；所以天子、諸侯、大夫等，所祭--ê攏是先君、先王、先公、先祖；bē bat聽見有先太后、先夫人、先祖媽、先母親。後代ê人自作聰明，扑算講早聖王聖人iáu無斟酌，祭男無祭女，心beh thái-thó 會平安？對án-ni立先公ê木主，亦立先媽ê木主，扑算智識beh過頭聖人，有孝beh過頭聖人，功勞beh過頭聖人。實在是大大不堪；設使是自早所設亦是有錯，咱中國男女分別真嚴。照禮記講，男女m̄-thang參參the坐，m̄-thang同一個衫仔架，m̄-thang同一條洗身軀ê巾，m̄-thang相倚，m̄-thang相借問；孤姊妹ê查某子已經嫁，倒來做客，兄弟 m̄-thang kap伊同桌食。所禁有ê 雖罔是傷嚴，總是有ê 的確是著趁，同桌食若thang，同床睏的確是boē做得。今ê人立木主，有ê 是男子，有ê 是女子，chhāi內做一堆；譬喻大官死，就chhāi一身大官ê神主tī 桌頂；後來新婦死，亦chhāi一身新婦ê木主tī 桌頂；親像án-ni合禮mah？若講木主是死死ê物boē知，就mih使 chhāi，mih使祭？若講是有知，就男女混雜，暝日做堆，hit tè 桌那眠床，就男女同床；盡在可惡，盡在見笑。做子孫ê人款待祖公án-ni，是凌辱祖公，續凌辱本身，thái-thó是有孝？
5.照禮記祭法hit篇有講起甚物號人才會堪得受祭；伊講，「有好法度施到百姓，才祭--伊；為國出力到死才祭--伊；用著磨hō͘國安定，才祭--伊；會除大災厄，才祭--伊；會抵當大患難，才祭--伊。」Beh受祭的確著有這5項ê一項，若無，就攏boē得thang受祭，所以舜無祖孤亡，無宗瞽叟，反轉祖顓頊來宗堯；án-ni是無宗所親，是宗有德行--ê；經冊攏齊備，查考會知。今ê人m̄-bat法度，不論父母是好人抑是歹人，是君子抑是小人，攏無要緊；不過父母若一下死就立神主來祭--伊；設使父母會堪得受，都無講，設使boē堪得受，亦立神主來祭；án-ni是騙人騙天，害父母患著僭權不義ê罪，做先王ê罪人，深深thang吐氣。
6.照早ê法度人teh-beh祭ê代先著7日戒三日齋；bē祭ê時陣，就已經有一點憂悶，數念，一著ê心；致到teh祭ê 時，儼然有看見父母。今ê人攏無án-ni ； beh祭ê 時，亦無備辦，teh祭亦無敬心，祭了就分物倒--去in兜；有時較有物，就續請朋友來食酒，有時續喝拳，摃洋琴，叫藝旦，將祖公ê錢家己開，開hō͘ 祖公父母坐數。有時父母活teh ê 時陣勤苦粒積，到死後子孫án-ni生開，名是孝祖公，實是孝家己；祖公若tī 陰間會知，的確頓腳tiô地，咬牙切齒，講，我hiah ê錢是勤儉粒積幾十年，lín無保惜放心開，真是不孝子。有ê 家己無錢就四界彎借，到後來人beh討，無thang還--人，對án-ni hō͘人chhoh罵，凌辱父母；án-ni 因為家己ê食害父母見笑，敢是有孝mah？
(後張beh koh印。)